The bronze coin from Amissos in Pontus, dating from 85-65 BC, is a fascinating artifact that provides insights into the cultural and religious life of the city. The detailed imagery of the young Dionysus and the Cista mystica, along with the symbolic legends, served not only as a medium of exchange but also as a testament to the city’s religious devotion and cultural values. Understanding the context and significance of such coins enhances our appreciation of the economic and social dynamics of ancient Pontus.
 
Mithridates VI of Pontus
 
Under Mithridates VI, cities like Amisos thrived as important centers of trade and culture within the Kingdom of Pontus. The city’s coinage, including the bronze coin described earlier, reflects the Hellenistic influences and the prominence of local religious practices such as the worship of Dionysus. The economic activities in Amisos would have been robust, supported by the relative stability and protection offered by Mithridates' rule until the Roman campaigns escalated.
 
Mithridates VI Eupator was born in 135 BC and ascended to the throne at a young age after the death of his father, Mithridates V. His early reign was marked by consolidation of power and expansion of the Kingdom of Pontus.
 
Mithridates VI was a patron of Greek culture and arts, contributing to the Hellenistic cultural influence in his realm. He spoke multiple languages and was well-versed in the sciences of his time, including medicine and toxicology, famously developing a resistance to various poisons.
 
During the period of 85-65 BC, the region of Pontus, including the city of Amisos, was under the rule of Mithridates VI, also known as Mithridates the Great. He was one of the most formidable opponents of Roman expansion in the East and is known for his military and strategic prowess.
 
Symbolism and Propaganda:
 
Obverse Imagery: The head of the young Dionysus, adorned with an ivy crown, represents the god of wine, festivity, and ecstasy. Dionysus’ youthful depiction highlights themes of vitality, fertility, and the rejuvenating power of nature.
Reverse Imagery: The Cista mystica, an important religious artifact in Dionysian rites, along with the panther skin, diadem, and thyrsus, emphasizes the cult of Dionysus. These symbols reflect the importance of religious and ceremonial practices in Amissos, as well as the city’s connection to divine festivities and rituals.
 
Social Context and Usage:
 
Society During This Period: During 85-65 BC, Amissos was a significant city in Pontus, influenced by Hellenistic culture and religion. Coins like this were used to reflect and promote the city’s religious affiliations and cultural identity.
 
 
Economic and Social Impact:
Circulation: Bronze coins were widely used for everyday transactions, facilitating trade and commerce within the city and its surroundings.
Propaganda: The coin’s imagery served as a form of propaganda, reinforcing the city’s religious devotion and cultural values centered around the worship of Dionysus.
Public Perception: The depictions on the coin aimed to instill a sense of pride and religious connection among the citizens, highlighting Amissos’ status as a vibrant and pious community.
 
What the Coin Could Buy:
 
The bronze coin had sufficient value for common daily expenses, such as:
Food: Purchasing basic food items like grains, fruits, and wine.
Clothing: Acquiring simple garments.
Services: Paying for small services such as entry to public baths or domestic help.
Household Items: Buying basic pottery, cooking utensils, or other small household goods.