The bronze coin from Amisos in Pontus, minted between 85-65 BC, provides valuable insight into the socio-political and cultural milieu of the time. The depiction of the youthful Ares and the military symbolism on the reverse reflect the city’s emphasis on martial strength and divine protection during the tumultuous period of Mithridates VI’s rule. Understanding the context and significance of such coins enhances our appreciation of the economic, social, and cultural dynamics in ancient Amisos.
 
Mithridates VI of Pontus
 
Under Mithridates VI, cities like Amisos thrived as important centers of trade and culture within the Kingdom of Pontus. The city’s coinage, including the bronze coin described earlier, reflects the Hellenistic influences and the prominence of local religious practices such as the worship of Dionysus. The economic activities in Amisos would have been robust, supported by the relative stability and protection offered by Mithridates' rule until the Roman campaigns escalated.
 
Mithridates VI Eupator was born in 135 BC and ascended to the throne at a young age after the death of his father, Mithridates V. His early reign was marked by consolidation of power and expansion of the Kingdom of Pontus.
 
Mithridates VI was a patron of Greek culture and arts, contributing to the Hellenistic cultural influence in his realm. He spoke multiple languages and was well-versed in the sciences of his time, including medicine and toxicology, famously developing a resistance to various poisons.
 
During the period of 85-65 BC, the region of Pontus, including the city of Amisos, was under the rule of Mithridates VI, also known as Mithridates the Great. He was one of the most formidable opponents of Roman expansion in the East and is known for his military and strategic prowess.
 
Symbolism and Propaganda:
 
Obverse Imagery: The head of the youthful Ares, helmeted, signifies the martial prowess and readiness of the city’s defenders. Ares, being the god of war, symbolizes strength, courage, and the protection of the city.
Reverse Imagery: The sword in scabbard represents military preparedness and the city’s defense capabilities. The crescent and star evoke celestial protection and divine favor, while the monogram likely signifies local authority or governance.
 
Historical and Cultural Context:
 
Historical Background: The period of 85-65 BC in Pontus, under the rule of Mithridates VI, was marked by significant conflict with Rome. Mithridates VI was known for his resistance against Roman expansion and his efforts to maintain the independence of his kingdom.
Cultural Significance: The coin reflects the Hellenistic influence in the region, with emphasis on military strength and divine protection. The worship of deities like Ares was common, especially in a militarily active and strategically important city like Amisos.
 
Economic and Social Impact:
 
Circulation: Bronze coins were the backbone of everyday transactions in ancient cities. This coin would have facilitated trade, commerce, and daily economic activities within Amisos and its surrounding areas.
Propaganda: The imagery and legends on the coin served as a form of propaganda, reinforcing the city’s martial strength, readiness for conflict, and divine protection. Such messages would bolster the morale of the populace and affirm the legitimacy of local authorities.
Public Perception: Coins like this one were intended to instill confidence among the citizens in their city’s defenses and the favor of the gods. The symbols of Ares and celestial elements communicated a strong, protected, and divinely favored community.
 
What the Coin Could Buy:
 
 
The bronze coin, given its weight and denomination, was suitable for a range of daily expenses, such as:
Food: Basic staples like grains, fruits, vegetables, and possibly fish or meat.
Clothing: Simple garments, accessories, and footwear for ordinary citizens.
Services: Entry to public baths, domestic services, or small entertainment fees.
Household Items: Basic pottery, cooking utensils, and other small domestic goods.