Condition gVG
 
Antiochos III, known as “Megas” (The Great), was one of the most influential rulers of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 223 to 187 BC. He expanded the empire significantly, reclaiming lost territories in the East and Anatolia, and waged wars against the Ptolemies (Fifth Syrian War, 202-195 BC) and Rome (Roman-Seleucid War, 192-188 BC). His ambition led to conflict with Rome, culminating in his defeat at the Battle of Magnesia (190 BC) and the subsequent Treaty of Apamea (188 BC), which significantly weakened the Seleucid Empire.
 
This Hemichalkon (1/96 of a Drachm), a small bronze coin, was a widely circulated issue during his reign, minted between 223-197 BC, likely to facilitate local trade and daily transactions.
 
Society & Economy During Antiochos III’s Reign:
 
The Seleucid Empire was a vast, multi-ethnic kingdom stretching from Asia Minor to India, encompassing Greek settlers, Persians, Mesopotamians, and local indigenous cultures.
Hellenistic Influence: Cities were designed in the Greek style, with agoras (marketplaces), gymnasiums, and temples dedicated to Greek gods.
Trade & Economy: The empire's economy relied on trade between Greece, India, and Egypt, with goods such as spices, silk, olive oil, and wine.
Military Society: The Seleucid army included Greek phalanx soldiers, war elephants, and Persian cavalry, funded by taxation and coinage.
Religious Diversity: The empire blended Greek deities (Apollo, Zeus, Athena) with local gods in places like Babylon and Persia.
 
What This Coin Could Buy:
As a small bronze coin, the Hemichalkon had limited purchasing power but was crucial for everyday transactions.
1 Hemichalkon (~2g bronze):
Could buy a small loaf of bread or some fruit at the market.
Might be used for entry into public baths or minor temple offerings.
Could be used to pay for a cup of watered wine at a tavern.
 
Larger Transactions:
A drachm (96 Hemichalka) could pay a soldier for a day's wages.
Silver tetradrachms were used for land purchases, larger trade transactions, and military salaries.
 
Historical Significance:
 
Military Expansion: Antiochos III’s reign was characterized by large-scale military campaigns in the East, Anatolia, and Greece.
Conflict with Rome: His ambition to restore the empire led to war with Rome, ending in Seleucid defeat and territorial losses.
Economic Role: Hemichalkon coins were likely used in everyday transactions, serving as small change for local trade and markets.
Cultural Legacy: The coins of Antiochos III continued the Hellenistic artistic tradition, merging Greek and Eastern influences.